Organic Acid Technology: Organic Acid Technology (OAT) has no nitrite added. The ELC antifreeze/coolants use organic acids (organic additive technology), nitrite and/or molybdenum as part of their inhibitor package and are referred to as Nitrited Organic Acid Technology (NOAT) antifreeze/coolants. Nitrited Organic Acid Technology: Extended Life Coolant (ELC) does not require a supplement (referred to as an extender) until 300,000 miles or 6,000 engine hours to achieve the full 600,000 miles or 12,000 engine hours of service life. These formulations are not compatible with the extended interval coolant formulation of either NOAT or OAT coolants and should not be mixed with them. HOAT coolants are most commonly found dyed yellow or orange. Unlike the OAT and NOAT Extended Life Coolants (ELC), HOAT coolants, like the IAT coolants, typically require SCA added back into the system at the first maintenance interval (25,000 miles) or as specified by the engine manufacturer. Hybrid Organic Acid Technology: Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT), which is a combination of some of the inhibitors used in inorganic IAT and organic OAT coolants, is typically based on a low-silicate, nitrite technology. However, compared to OAT and NOAT coolant formulations, the IAT coolants do require the frequent addition of SCA at an interval of 25,000 miles, or as specified by the engine manufacturer. Today, most of the “conventional low-silicate” antifreeze/coolants in the market are fully formulated with a pre-charge of SCA to protect the cooling systems of heavy duty engines against corrosion, cavitation, liner pitting, freezing and boilover. It was typical to start with a low silicate-based product design for cars and light-duty trucks, which required dilution with water, then you needed to “pre-charge” it with specific amounts of supplemental coolant additives (SCAs) to protect heavy duty engine cylinder liners from destructive pitting corrosion. Mainstream green coolant: The original, green-dyed antifreeze/coolants are called conventional low-silicate, but the technical name for this type of coolant and its inhibitor package is Inorganic Acid Technology (IAT). Recent years have seen a number of new inhibitor technologies for these formulations enter the market as heavy duty engine manufacturers have improved the capabilities of their products. Today, inhibited ethylene glycol-along with propylene glycol, a similar, less toxic, odorless, colorless, viscous organic compound-remains the major component of antifreeze/coolant. If the coolant is unable to satisfy the basic requirements, the heavy-duty vehicle’s emissions, fuel economy, horsepower and durability of engine components could be compromised, in addition to the possibility of corrosion, pitting and cavitation. From efficient heat transfer to the control of critical metal temperatures, to providing an increased cooling index and freeze protection, to effective inhibition of corrosion for all cooling-system metals, coolants have evolved to become one of the lifebloods of any heavy-duty engine. The importance of coolants has become more critical because they provide necessary protection for more sophisticated engines. Improper maintenance of a heavy duty coolant system can create many performance issues for the engine and its components, including cavitation pitting.
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